Make a new stair railing by using the same dimensions and design as the deck railing. The only difference is the adjustment you'll need to make for the angle of the staircase.
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Notch the 2×4 posts to fit the stair treads, then bolt them in place. For a long staircase, extend the center pair of 2×4 posts to ground level and attach them to concrete footings.
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When the posts are in place, measure the angle necessary for cutting the 1×4 side and top pieces of the railing sections. Then nail each section's 1x2's between the 1×4 side pieces so they're perpendicular to the stair treads. Don't attach the end 1×2's to the individual stair-rail sections. Instead, center and secure them to the inside faces of the 2×4 posts to help position the railing sections after you slide them into position.
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Install the 2×4 rail cap. Although the deck railing uses a 2×6 instead of a 2×4 and a 1×4 base cap, the stair rail uses a single 2×4 cap because most building codes require a narrower rail that is easy to grasp. Many localities will require you to install a standard handrail to meet safety requirements. Check with your building inspector for details on this and the fastening hardware required.
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The stair railing should follow the same design as the deck railing.
